Topic: Studying the literature component is useful. Do you agree?
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The literature component was made part of the Malaysian school curriculum in 2000. This move was seen as vital as literature has untold benefits for language learners.
I strongly believe that studying the literature component is useful because it helps promote language learning, exposes students to a variety of cultures, improves thinking skills and gives us a better understanding of mankind.
To begin with, studying the literature component helps encourage language learning. Literature texts, be they poems, short stories or novels, can be used to teach grammar and vocabulary.
Grammar and vocabulary exercises generated from literature texts are more interesting and motivating. They not only help us improve our understanding of the language but also help us learn new ways of using language.
Exposure to new words, interesting phrases and literary devices such as metaphors, similes and personification show us how language can be used creatively. By learning the various literary devices we can even create our own examples of such devices.
Next, it cannot be denied that literature texts expose us to a variety of cultures. The short stories and poems studied in Form Four are written by foreign and local writers and through these texts we learn to understand and appreciate cultures and ideologies which are not similar to ours.
The poem Monsoon History, for instance, exposes us to the Baba Nyonya culture. The short story The Drover’s Wife exposes us to the hardships of people who live in the Australian bush.
Looking for a Rain God, which is based on a true story, exposes us to the hardships faced by the people in Botswana and how one family in particular succumbs to the old practice of ritual killing.
These and the other texts expose us to the lives of different people across the continents and also their ways of dealing with circumstances.
The authors force us to explore our beliefs and those of other people and by doing so we are able to understand people of other cultures.
Moreover, studying literature also helps us improve our thinking skills. When we actively engage with literature texts, we are forced to think about characters, themes and issues raised by the author or poet.
We learn to gather information not only from the text but also from our own observations, experiences, and reflections as well as those of others. We learn to view things from different perspectives. All these help develop our critical thinking skills.
Finally, literature gives us a better understanding of mankind. Great authors have, over the centuries, conveyed their insights into human nature through an amazing assortment of characters from all walks of life engaged in a variety of activities. These characters, from the virtuous to the despicable, help us understand the people around us. We might recognise some women around us who are materialistic like Mathilde from The Necklace or cruel like Ravi’s stepmother in The Return. Seeing such similarities can help us to understand and accept other people.
We cannot deny that there are immense benefits to be reaped from studying the literature component and Education Ministry should be lauded for making a wise decision to include it in the English Language syllabus.
Someone once said, “A man who does not read or reads little or reads only trash, is a person with an impediment.” Literature texts, be they classics or modern texts, help remove these impediments. They are living texts and we should not overlook the incredible wealth they offer us.
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Discussion:
1. I am a considerably good argumentative writer, as I like to express my opinions and argue on a particular issue that I find interesting. Thus, I always chose argumentative essay to write, when I was at Form 4 and Form 5. In my opinion, to write well in this kind of essay, you have to read widely and follow current issues, so that you can provide matured ideas to convince the readers.
2. Personally, I am a loyal The Star reader, to write a good argumentative essay, my suggestion is to read more on the columns written by the columnists, like On The Beat by Datuk Wong Chun Wai. From their articles, you can see how they argue on a certain topic. You can also learn many new vocabs!
Thursday, June 30, 2011
Sample Narrative Essay
Topic: Write a story ending with “...I never saw her again after that”.
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The gaunt figure that inched its way slowly towards the medicine counter looked old and haggard.
Her dreary-looking outfit did nothing to conceal her bleak and depressing demeanour. Anyone who looked at her would have thought she carried the world’s burdens on her shoulders.
Quietly, she sat on one of the chairs and waited patiently, like the rest of us, for her number to be flashed on the digital screen.
I was rattled. I knew I had seen her somewhere before — a younger, happier version. There was no way I could be wrong. Like an arrow released from its bow, the buried and forgotten memories pierced my heart with an unknown intensity.
It had to be Mary Anne, my best friend in secondary school. Then again, this person looked old, much too old to be 29. Anyway, I summoned enough courage and went towards her. Hearing my footsteps, she looked up slowly. The flash of recognition in her eyes told me I was not wrong.
“It is you, Mary Anne Danker, is it not?”
She nodded her head silently as if embarrassed.
“Hello, John? You are looking good.”
Her remarks reminded me of how beautiful she had been once. Mary Anne had been the school beauty. Everyone had admired her for her looks, her brains and her beautiful character.
Many had said, rather enviously, that God had worked overtime with her – making her one of his masterpieces.
One day, Mary Anne had stopped coming to school. Devastated, I had gone to her house, only to find it all locked up. Checks with neighbours proved futile. No one knew where the Danker family had gone and why they had left so suddenly.
Taking a seat next to her, I wondered what had happened to the ravishing beauty I had once known.
“Why did you leave so suddenly, Mary Anne? Why?”
She looked at me nervously, clasping and unclasping her hands in her lap. I could sense that she was rather reluctant to talk, reluctant to expose a part of her life which had probably caused her a great deal of pain and suffering. A prolonged silence ensued. Finally, she inhaled deeply and started telling me her story.
Her mother had been diagnosed with endstage cancer and there was nothing the doctors could do. They said that she had only three months to live. Her father thought it best to return to their hometown, to let her live in peace in the surroundings she had grown up in.
Her father, devastated by his wife’s death, started to neglect his own health and three months later, he too died of a broken heart, leaving Mary Anne in the care of relatives.
Tears rolled down Mary Anne’s cheeks as she related the difficult years with her aunt.
The old widow treated her badly, forcing Mary Anne to quit school and to work as a dishwasher in a restaurant. The cruel old lady often beat her, and her cousins, jealous of her beauty, were more vicious than their mother.
Now that the aunt was old and suffering from cancer, her five children had deserted her when they realised that she needed special care. Despite her aunt’s ghastly treatment of her, Mary Anne felt sorry for her.
“I cannot leave her. She has no one else,” she said. “I have promised to take care of her till the end of her life.”
I looked at Mary Anne and saw her goodness. Instead of seeing a gaunt and weary figure, I saw an amazingly beautiful human being.
My heart went out to her. Just then her number was flashed on the screen. She got up and collected the medicine which, I understood, was for her aunt. Never had I felt so helpless and wretched. Her story reminded me of something my late grandfather used to say,
“Life is like an onion: You peel it off one layer at a time, and sometimes you weep.”
Before leaving, Mary Anne turned and smiled sadly at me. I never saw her again after that.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
The gaunt figure that inched its way slowly towards the medicine counter looked old and haggard.
Her dreary-looking outfit did nothing to conceal her bleak and depressing demeanour. Anyone who looked at her would have thought she carried the world’s burdens on her shoulders.
Quietly, she sat on one of the chairs and waited patiently, like the rest of us, for her number to be flashed on the digital screen.
I was rattled. I knew I had seen her somewhere before — a younger, happier version. There was no way I could be wrong. Like an arrow released from its bow, the buried and forgotten memories pierced my heart with an unknown intensity.
It had to be Mary Anne, my best friend in secondary school. Then again, this person looked old, much too old to be 29. Anyway, I summoned enough courage and went towards her. Hearing my footsteps, she looked up slowly. The flash of recognition in her eyes told me I was not wrong.
“It is you, Mary Anne Danker, is it not?”
She nodded her head silently as if embarrassed.
“Hello, John? You are looking good.”
Her remarks reminded me of how beautiful she had been once. Mary Anne had been the school beauty. Everyone had admired her for her looks, her brains and her beautiful character.
Many had said, rather enviously, that God had worked overtime with her – making her one of his masterpieces.
One day, Mary Anne had stopped coming to school. Devastated, I had gone to her house, only to find it all locked up. Checks with neighbours proved futile. No one knew where the Danker family had gone and why they had left so suddenly.
Taking a seat next to her, I wondered what had happened to the ravishing beauty I had once known.
“Why did you leave so suddenly, Mary Anne? Why?”
She looked at me nervously, clasping and unclasping her hands in her lap. I could sense that she was rather reluctant to talk, reluctant to expose a part of her life which had probably caused her a great deal of pain and suffering. A prolonged silence ensued. Finally, she inhaled deeply and started telling me her story.
Her mother had been diagnosed with endstage cancer and there was nothing the doctors could do. They said that she had only three months to live. Her father thought it best to return to their hometown, to let her live in peace in the surroundings she had grown up in.
Her father, devastated by his wife’s death, started to neglect his own health and three months later, he too died of a broken heart, leaving Mary Anne in the care of relatives.
Tears rolled down Mary Anne’s cheeks as she related the difficult years with her aunt.
The old widow treated her badly, forcing Mary Anne to quit school and to work as a dishwasher in a restaurant. The cruel old lady often beat her, and her cousins, jealous of her beauty, were more vicious than their mother.
Now that the aunt was old and suffering from cancer, her five children had deserted her when they realised that she needed special care. Despite her aunt’s ghastly treatment of her, Mary Anne felt sorry for her.
“I cannot leave her. She has no one else,” she said. “I have promised to take care of her till the end of her life.”
I looked at Mary Anne and saw her goodness. Instead of seeing a gaunt and weary figure, I saw an amazingly beautiful human being.
My heart went out to her. Just then her number was flashed on the screen. She got up and collected the medicine which, I understood, was for her aunt. Never had I felt so helpless and wretched. Her story reminded me of something my late grandfather used to say,
“Life is like an onion: You peel it off one layer at a time, and sometimes you weep.”
Before leaving, Mary Anne turned and smiled sadly at me. I never saw her again after that.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Discussion:
1. To write well in this type of essay, of course, you must be a good narrator or story teller. You must have a variety of stories in your mind. In short, you must be creative.
2. As you can notice, some dialogues are used in the essay, but don't use them too frequently. It may make the essay dull. And one more thing to note is that past tense is normally used in narrative writing.
3. This essay may be easy to write and is the favourite among many students. However, you must make your story as interesting as possible to capture the attention of the readers. Therefore, there is no shortcut, but to read more.
1. To write well in this type of essay, of course, you must be a good narrator or story teller. You must have a variety of stories in your mind. In short, you must be creative.
2. As you can notice, some dialogues are used in the essay, but don't use them too frequently. It may make the essay dull. And one more thing to note is that past tense is normally used in narrative writing.
3. This essay may be easy to write and is the favourite among many students. However, you must make your story as interesting as possible to capture the attention of the readers. Therefore, there is no shortcut, but to read more.
Sample Descriptive Essay
Topic: A difficult life
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“Being illiterate is like a curse. It closes all doors to your life even before they can be opened!”
My mother’s words rang loud and clear in my mind.
She had literally been plucked from a remote village in India and brought to the then Malaya by my father, a man she had obediently married some sixty years ago.
Being the only daughter of a well-heeled man, she had believed that her aunt had got her a good match. My mother was fair, tall and willowy. Everyone had remarked on her big eyes and thick lashes when she entered her husband’s house as his bride.
The marriage celebrations had gone on for three days and she had yet to see what her groom looked like. As custom dictated, she had kept her head bowed and eyes downcast throughout the numerous ceremonies that went on during the three days.
The fact that her head scarf had been drawn low to cover her face did not make things any easier.
When she was finally introduced to her spouse, she was shocked. He was stocky and quite dark while she was as white as snow, by North Indian standards.
The fate that awaited her shattered all the dreams that her aunt had spun for her, the very aunt who had made the match.
Being the typical Indian bride, she became a dutiful daughter-in-law to her husband’s childless aunt and uncle who had cared for him ever since he had been orphaned at the age of seven.
Life was difficult as there was nothing of the luxury that she had been used to in her father’s house but she did not complain.
When her in-laws, asked her to pawn her jewellery to release their land from mortgage, she did so without question.
When her husband’s aunt insisted that she wove blankets for them, she did so submissively. After all, she was illiterate and her only skills included cooking, sewing and embroidery.
Six months later, her husband announced that they would be leaving India to seek their fortunes in Malaya. She cried for days but remembered her father’s parting words, “Your husband decides your life for now. Go with God’s blessings.”
The trip to Malaya took almost a week by ship. All sorts of fears tortured her but she did not dare utter a single word for fear of displeasing her husband.
Upon arrival in Penang, they travelled to a little town in Perak where they lived with another uncle until her husband secured a job.
Life in Slim River was not easy. Her husband often left her alone, unaccompanied for days at times as he eked out a living as a lorry driver at a tin mine.
The kind Malay ladies, sensing her loneliness, tried to make small talk with her, despite knowing that she did not understand a word of the local language.
Undeterred, they slowly taught her simple words which she would need in her daily life. This life went on for three years.
There was no electricity or water supply. She did her washing and bathing by the river.
Despite her frail form, she could carry two pails of water all the way home for cooking and drinking. Every night, she cried herself to sleep.
A few months later, she gave birth to a daughter. Her husband had not been pleased and he had refused to see the new child.
He had expected his first born to be a son. His ego had taken a slight dent, but he did not know that there was a worse fate awaiting him – the tin mine ceased operations and he lost his job.
They had no money and no savings. Not about to give up, he decided to take her and their little daughter to the capital.
For the next few years, they lived with his second uncle and his wife who were also childless.
Life for the young couple was no bed of roses. Jobs did not come easily those days and after failing to secure a job, her husband gave in to the demands of his uncle and aunt.
For two meals a day, he had to wash the drains on the five-acre piece of land and cut the grass while she had to do all the tedious household chores.
Without fail, the old woman would insist that she scrub all the brassware (even though it had not been used) with ash every day before beginning the day’s chores.
She had to wash second uncle’s white trousers and white shirts by boiling them in caustic soda over a charcoal fire and then scrubbing then clean before ironing them using a hot coal iron.
Her daily chores kept her busy and she barely had time for her first-born.
The poor child was often hungry as second aunt did not provide them with breakfast. Deprived of essential nutrients, the poor little girl was thin, almost skeletal.
The young couple endured this terrible life for several years. Even when her husband got a job as a watchman she still had to submit to the will of second aunt.
The couple had a second child, a boy, but he died when he was ten months old. Three years later they had me, another girl. This time my father was not so disappointed. I suppose the hard life had made him more accepting.
“Why did you allow these things to happen, ma?” I asked furiously as she related her painful past.
I held her battered hands in mine; the cuticles were swollen and the nails had turned yellow due to all the washing with caustic soda.
“... because I was illiterate and I had no one.”
That was her simple answer. She had no options as she was financially dependent on others for every single need. She could not go out to work as her husband’s uncle and aunt had a reputation to maintain. They were the cream of the town. No one knew or even suspected that she and her husband were being ill-treated. Worse still, she had to tolerate all forms of verbal abuse.
“My father had never raised his voice. He showered me with love after the death of my mother when I was five.”
My father, who himself had lost his mother when he was twenty-six days old and his father when he was seven, could not do much.
I am now thirteen. I know mother is telling me these stories so that I will be resilient. I also know she wants me to study hard so that I will not have to have a difficult life.
As much as I admire my mother and her perseverance in the face of adversity, I will not allow a similar fate to befall me.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Discussion:
1. Descriptive writing requires a wide range of vocabulary and good language. These requirements can only paint a picture in the readers' mind to see and feel what is being expressed or described by the writer.
2. To write a good piece of descriptive essay, learn more vocabs and read more especially story books and novels. Reading is always the best way to be a good writer.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
“Being illiterate is like a curse. It closes all doors to your life even before they can be opened!”
My mother’s words rang loud and clear in my mind.
She had literally been plucked from a remote village in India and brought to the then Malaya by my father, a man she had obediently married some sixty years ago.
Being the only daughter of a well-heeled man, she had believed that her aunt had got her a good match. My mother was fair, tall and willowy. Everyone had remarked on her big eyes and thick lashes when she entered her husband’s house as his bride.
The marriage celebrations had gone on for three days and she had yet to see what her groom looked like. As custom dictated, she had kept her head bowed and eyes downcast throughout the numerous ceremonies that went on during the three days.
The fact that her head scarf had been drawn low to cover her face did not make things any easier.
When she was finally introduced to her spouse, she was shocked. He was stocky and quite dark while she was as white as snow, by North Indian standards.
The fate that awaited her shattered all the dreams that her aunt had spun for her, the very aunt who had made the match.
Being the typical Indian bride, she became a dutiful daughter-in-law to her husband’s childless aunt and uncle who had cared for him ever since he had been orphaned at the age of seven.
Life was difficult as there was nothing of the luxury that she had been used to in her father’s house but she did not complain.
When her in-laws, asked her to pawn her jewellery to release their land from mortgage, she did so without question.
When her husband’s aunt insisted that she wove blankets for them, she did so submissively. After all, she was illiterate and her only skills included cooking, sewing and embroidery.
Six months later, her husband announced that they would be leaving India to seek their fortunes in Malaya. She cried for days but remembered her father’s parting words, “Your husband decides your life for now. Go with God’s blessings.”
The trip to Malaya took almost a week by ship. All sorts of fears tortured her but she did not dare utter a single word for fear of displeasing her husband.
Upon arrival in Penang, they travelled to a little town in Perak where they lived with another uncle until her husband secured a job.
Life in Slim River was not easy. Her husband often left her alone, unaccompanied for days at times as he eked out a living as a lorry driver at a tin mine.
The kind Malay ladies, sensing her loneliness, tried to make small talk with her, despite knowing that she did not understand a word of the local language.
Undeterred, they slowly taught her simple words which she would need in her daily life. This life went on for three years.
There was no electricity or water supply. She did her washing and bathing by the river.
Despite her frail form, she could carry two pails of water all the way home for cooking and drinking. Every night, she cried herself to sleep.
A few months later, she gave birth to a daughter. Her husband had not been pleased and he had refused to see the new child.
He had expected his first born to be a son. His ego had taken a slight dent, but he did not know that there was a worse fate awaiting him – the tin mine ceased operations and he lost his job.
They had no money and no savings. Not about to give up, he decided to take her and their little daughter to the capital.
For the next few years, they lived with his second uncle and his wife who were also childless.
Life for the young couple was no bed of roses. Jobs did not come easily those days and after failing to secure a job, her husband gave in to the demands of his uncle and aunt.
For two meals a day, he had to wash the drains on the five-acre piece of land and cut the grass while she had to do all the tedious household chores.
Without fail, the old woman would insist that she scrub all the brassware (even though it had not been used) with ash every day before beginning the day’s chores.
She had to wash second uncle’s white trousers and white shirts by boiling them in caustic soda over a charcoal fire and then scrubbing then clean before ironing them using a hot coal iron.
Her daily chores kept her busy and she barely had time for her first-born.
The poor child was often hungry as second aunt did not provide them with breakfast. Deprived of essential nutrients, the poor little girl was thin, almost skeletal.
The young couple endured this terrible life for several years. Even when her husband got a job as a watchman she still had to submit to the will of second aunt.
The couple had a second child, a boy, but he died when he was ten months old. Three years later they had me, another girl. This time my father was not so disappointed. I suppose the hard life had made him more accepting.
“Why did you allow these things to happen, ma?” I asked furiously as she related her painful past.
I held her battered hands in mine; the cuticles were swollen and the nails had turned yellow due to all the washing with caustic soda.
“... because I was illiterate and I had no one.”
That was her simple answer. She had no options as she was financially dependent on others for every single need. She could not go out to work as her husband’s uncle and aunt had a reputation to maintain. They were the cream of the town. No one knew or even suspected that she and her husband were being ill-treated. Worse still, she had to tolerate all forms of verbal abuse.
“My father had never raised his voice. He showered me with love after the death of my mother when I was five.”
My father, who himself had lost his mother when he was twenty-six days old and his father when he was seven, could not do much.
I am now thirteen. I know mother is telling me these stories so that I will be resilient. I also know she wants me to study hard so that I will not have to have a difficult life.
As much as I admire my mother and her perseverance in the face of adversity, I will not allow a similar fate to befall me.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Discussion:
1. Descriptive writing requires a wide range of vocabulary and good language. These requirements can only paint a picture in the readers' mind to see and feel what is being expressed or described by the writer.
2. To write a good piece of descriptive essay, learn more vocabs and read more especially story books and novels. Reading is always the best way to be a good writer.
Tuesday, June 28, 2011
Details on The Types of Essays
1) Descriptive Writing
You may be required to describe a person, a place, or an event. An important aspect of descriptive writing is the use of details. Pay close attention to details by using all your 5 senses. Use these questions to help you paint pictures in people's mind when they read your essay.
a) What do you see?
b) What can you hear? (voices, music, etc.)
c) What do you taste?
d) How does that place feel?
e) How do you feel?
f) How do the people of that place feel?
g) What are you thinking?
Some typical questions are as follow:
1. Describe a person who has made a difference in your life.
2. My hero
3. Describe the night market in your town or village.
4. Describe the last day at school.
2) Narrative Writing
You may be required to write a narration of an event or a short story.
Some typical questions are:
1. Write a story beginning with, "Liar, you are a liar..."
2. Write a story ending with, "I shall never forget this day for the rest of my life."
3. An embarrassing experience
3) Argumentative Writing
You may be required to either state your stand on a certain issue (agree or disagree) or to present your point of view, giving reasons or evidence.
Some typical questions are shown below:
1. Extra-curricular activities are a waste of time. Do you agree?
2. The advantages and disadvantages of private tuition.
3. Is television more of an advantage or a disadvantage to children?
4) Reflective Writing
As the word implies, you will have to reflect on the topic and interpret it according to your personal viewpoints or beliefs.
Some typical questions are:
1. If you could make one wish, what would it be, and why?
2. What do you think is an effective teacher?
5) Expository Writing
Expository writing is one that imparts information, instructs the reader on how to do something, explains how something works or analyses a situation.
Some typical questions:
1. How to promote tourism in Malaysia?
2. How to help save the environment?
6) One-word Essay
This essay has only one word as its title. Many students are afraid to attempt this type of question as they can easily write out of point.
Some typical questions:
1. Music
2. Clothes
You may be required to describe a person, a place, or an event. An important aspect of descriptive writing is the use of details. Pay close attention to details by using all your 5 senses. Use these questions to help you paint pictures in people's mind when they read your essay.
a) What do you see?
b) What can you hear? (voices, music, etc.)
c) What do you taste?
d) How does that place feel?
e) How do you feel?
f) How do the people of that place feel?
g) What are you thinking?
Some typical questions are as follow:
1. Describe a person who has made a difference in your life.
2. My hero
3. Describe the night market in your town or village.
4. Describe the last day at school.
2) Narrative Writing
You may be required to write a narration of an event or a short story.
Some typical questions are:
1. Write a story beginning with, "Liar, you are a liar..."
2. Write a story ending with, "I shall never forget this day for the rest of my life."
3. An embarrassing experience
3) Argumentative Writing
You may be required to either state your stand on a certain issue (agree or disagree) or to present your point of view, giving reasons or evidence.
Some typical questions are shown below:
1. Extra-curricular activities are a waste of time. Do you agree?
2. The advantages and disadvantages of private tuition.
3. Is television more of an advantage or a disadvantage to children?
4) Reflective Writing
As the word implies, you will have to reflect on the topic and interpret it according to your personal viewpoints or beliefs.
Some typical questions are:
1. If you could make one wish, what would it be, and why?
2. What do you think is an effective teacher?
5) Expository Writing
Expository writing is one that imparts information, instructs the reader on how to do something, explains how something works or analyses a situation.
Some typical questions:
1. How to promote tourism in Malaysia?
2. How to help save the environment?
6) One-word Essay
This essay has only one word as its title. Many students are afraid to attempt this type of question as they can easily write out of point.
Some typical questions:
1. Music
2. Clothes
Sunday, June 26, 2011
Introduction to Continuous Writing
This time, I would like to share about the types of topics that are asked in Continuous Writing.
The reason why I keep discussing about writing part is that, in my opinion, Paper 1 is easy to score with enough preparation and skills. Besides, you won't fail in this paper if have read widely and good language. More importantly, Paper 1 carries 85 marks! It plays an important part to help you score well in English 1119.
Ok, back to the main topic, there are basically 6 kinds of topics as shown below:
1. Descriptive writing
2. Narrative writing
3. Argumentative writing
4. Reflective writing
5. Expository writing
6. One-word essay
However, only 5 of them are being tested, and you are required to choose 1 from the 5 topics.
To score in this section, you have to know which kind of writer you are and which kind of writing you are more confident of. Then, tackle the particular type and practise till you feel comfortable with it.
Details on each type will be discussed on the next blog. Stay tuned!
The reason why I keep discussing about writing part is that, in my opinion, Paper 1 is easy to score with enough preparation and skills. Besides, you won't fail in this paper if have read widely and good language. More importantly, Paper 1 carries 85 marks! It plays an important part to help you score well in English 1119.
Ok, back to the main topic, there are basically 6 kinds of topics as shown below:
1. Descriptive writing
2. Narrative writing
3. Argumentative writing
4. Reflective writing
5. Expository writing
6. One-word essay
However, only 5 of them are being tested, and you are required to choose 1 from the 5 topics.
To score in this section, you have to know which kind of writer you are and which kind of writing you are more confident of. Then, tackle the particular type and practise till you feel comfortable with it.
Details on each type will be discussed on the next blog. Stay tuned!
Friday, June 24, 2011
Sample Essay - Money is the Root of All Evil. Do you agree?
In this blog, I will demonstrate writing an essay by utilising the techniques. I will show you a sample argumentative essay (there are a few patterns of essays you need to know in English 1119 and this section will be discussed on the coming blogs)I have written in Form 4. This essay was my mentor teacher's favourite and was published in my school magazine in 2007(in Form 5).
The title is:-
"Money is the root of all evil. Do you agree?"
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
What is money? I bet that everyone knows "money" very well. In short, money is the medium in a trade. Yes, money is nothing but only a medium in a trade. Hence, I totally disagree that money is the root of all evil. Money itself is not an evil, it is harmless. In fact, evil comes from money users, that is, we, human beings!
Again, money is an object, a medium in a trade and it is harmless. It is labelled "an evil" because of human beings - their evil thoughts and actions! Because of money, a lot of crimes occur like robbery, snatch, theft and burglary. People are willing to commit crimes mentioned because of their greed. They desire wealth, status and power. Laconically, greed in mankind leads them to crimes, but not money!
Take gambling for instance - a game, which requires people to risk their money, in order to get more! Wow, we could win a big amount of money in a gamble if we are fortunate enough! We could "earn" money without working! How wonderful it is! Obviously, most people will risk their money in gabling, in the hope to win great amount of money. Like the Chinese saying goes, if a little money does not go out, great money will not come in. Because of this sort of saying, most people especially Chinese are willing to risk their "little money" to win "great money". Some compulsive gamblers may encounter bankruptcies as a result of indulging themselves in gambling. Is this money's fault? No, it is not! It is the fault of humans - their evil thoughts! In general, greed, again, causes evil, not money.
Maladministration is also an evil caused by human beings. Why do they do so? Without doubt, they want to gain profit, namely, money! Unscrupulous businessmen, for example, give priority to profit rather than the quality of products or services. For instance, this has provoked a furore among Malaysians, that is, chemicals were used on hogs to make them fatter. This is a maladministration done by the farmers in Malaysia. In order to earn more money, they ignored the health of consumers and injected chemicals into hogs' body to make them fat quickly.
As a conclusion, evil is not caused by money. Money looks like ab evil because it is used by "evil" humans to accomplish their "evil" plans like the points mentioned above. Consequently, humans themselves are considered as the root of all evil, money is only a "victim".
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Discussion:
1. Starting from the second paragraph, which is the beginning of the body, you can see that each paragraph only contains 1 main idea.
The title is:-
"Money is the root of all evil. Do you agree?"
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
What is money? I bet that everyone knows "money" very well. In short, money is the medium in a trade. Yes, money is nothing but only a medium in a trade. Hence, I totally disagree that money is the root of all evil. Money itself is not an evil, it is harmless. In fact, evil comes from money users, that is, we, human beings!
Again, money is an object, a medium in a trade and it is harmless. It is labelled "an evil" because of human beings - their evil thoughts and actions! Because of money, a lot of crimes occur like robbery, snatch, theft and burglary. People are willing to commit crimes mentioned because of their greed. They desire wealth, status and power. Laconically, greed in mankind leads them to crimes, but not money!
Take gambling for instance - a game, which requires people to risk their money, in order to get more! Wow, we could win a big amount of money in a gamble if we are fortunate enough! We could "earn" money without working! How wonderful it is! Obviously, most people will risk their money in gabling, in the hope to win great amount of money. Like the Chinese saying goes, if a little money does not go out, great money will not come in. Because of this sort of saying, most people especially Chinese are willing to risk their "little money" to win "great money". Some compulsive gamblers may encounter bankruptcies as a result of indulging themselves in gambling. Is this money's fault? No, it is not! It is the fault of humans - their evil thoughts! In general, greed, again, causes evil, not money.
Maladministration is also an evil caused by human beings. Why do they do so? Without doubt, they want to gain profit, namely, money! Unscrupulous businessmen, for example, give priority to profit rather than the quality of products or services. For instance, this has provoked a furore among Malaysians, that is, chemicals were used on hogs to make them fatter. This is a maladministration done by the farmers in Malaysia. In order to earn more money, they ignored the health of consumers and injected chemicals into hogs' body to make them fat quickly.
As a conclusion, evil is not caused by money. Money looks like ab evil because it is used by "evil" humans to accomplish their "evil" plans like the points mentioned above. Consequently, humans themselves are considered as the root of all evil, money is only a "victim".
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Discussion:
1. Starting from the second paragraph, which is the beginning of the body, you can see that each paragraph only contains 1 main idea.
For example,
2nd paragraph - the main idea is about crimes. Humans commit crimes due to money.
3rd paragraph - the main idea is about gambling. Humans gamble for money.
4rd paragraph - then main idea is about maladministration(=dishonest business management).
2. In the essay, you can notice that there is a variety of sentence structures - simple, compound and complex sentences.
3. To make the essay flow smoothly, conjunctions and logical connectors are used.
2nd paragraph - the main idea is about crimes. Humans commit crimes due to money.
3rd paragraph - the main idea is about gambling. Humans gamble for money.
4rd paragraph - then main idea is about maladministration(=dishonest business management).
2. In the essay, you can notice that there is a variety of sentence structures - simple, compound and complex sentences.
3. To make the essay flow smoothly, conjunctions and logical connectors are used.
Demonstration on the Usage of Conjunctions, Logical and Sequence Connectors
From the previous blog, you have learnt about conjunctions, logical and sequence connectors. However, it only shows the categories and also the function of each category.
In this blog, I will show you one example of the usage of each category.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Conjunctions
1. To show things of similar functional value - I love dancing and singing.
2. To show contrast - Adam is clever but he is lazy.
3. To show concession - Although he is lazy, he is clever.
(Note: unlike Chinese and Malay language, never use "but" after using "although", "though", etc.)
4. To indicate alternatives - What do you want? Coffee or tea?
5. To show reason - Alice was absent yesterday because she was sick.
6. To indicate purpose - School bullying has been a hot issue lately. Measures must be taken in order to solve this problem.
7. To express time - Please give me a call when you arrive.
8. To indicate condition - If you want to succeed, you have to be hardworking.
9. To indicate place - My dog follows me wherever I go.
10. To indicate result - You did the mistake so you must be responsible for that.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Logical Connectors
1. To show connection between actions and consequences - Albert is a mischievous kid. As a result, his friends always stay away from him.
2. To show contrasting ideas - Ms. Samantha is a dedicated teacher. However, she is bad-tempered.
3. To introduce a new idea or provide extra information - I don't really want to go. Besides, it is too late now.
4. To introduce a similar idea - The United States won most of the track and field events. Similarly, in swimming, the top three places went to Americans.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Sequence Connectors
To get to the museum, first, go straight along this street. Then, turn left when you reach a T-junction. After that, go straight again and you will reach the museum.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
In this blog, I will show you one example of the usage of each category.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Conjunctions
1. To show things of similar functional value - I love dancing and singing.
2. To show contrast - Adam is clever but he is lazy.
3. To show concession - Although he is lazy, he is clever.
(Note: unlike Chinese and Malay language, never use "but" after using "although", "though", etc.)
4. To indicate alternatives - What do you want? Coffee or tea?
5. To show reason - Alice was absent yesterday because she was sick.
6. To indicate purpose - School bullying has been a hot issue lately. Measures must be taken in order to solve this problem.
7. To express time - Please give me a call when you arrive.
8. To indicate condition - If you want to succeed, you have to be hardworking.
9. To indicate place - My dog follows me wherever I go.
10. To indicate result - You did the mistake so you must be responsible for that.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Logical Connectors
1. To show connection between actions and consequences - Albert is a mischievous kid. As a result, his friends always stay away from him.
2. To show contrasting ideas - Ms. Samantha is a dedicated teacher. However, she is bad-tempered.
3. To introduce a new idea or provide extra information - I don't really want to go. Besides, it is too late now.
4. To introduce a similar idea - The United States won most of the track and field events. Similarly, in swimming, the top three places went to Americans.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Sequence Connectors
To get to the museum, first, go straight along this street. Then, turn left when you reach a T-junction. After that, go straight again and you will reach the museum.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Tuesday, June 14, 2011
Techniques of Writing (Part 4) - Cohesiveness
The flow of an essay is very important as it will make the essay lively and sound better. This can be done by using conjunctions, logical and sequence connectors.
Refer to the link below (Technique 4 - Cohesiveness from page 4 to 5) to learn about conjunctions, logical and sequence connectors.
http://www.scribd.com/doc/53262416/Techniques-of-Writing
The examples of the usage of the conjunctions, logical and sequence connectors will be shown on the next blog. Stay tuned.
Refer to the link below (Technique 4 - Cohesiveness from page 4 to 5) to learn about conjunctions, logical and sequence connectors.
http://www.scribd.com/doc/53262416/Techniques-of-Writing
The examples of the usage of the conjunctions, logical and sequence connectors will be shown on the next blog. Stay tuned.
Monday, June 13, 2011
Techniques of Writing (Part 3) - Sentence Structures
In an essay, it must have a variety of sentence structures. Without it, the essay will become flat in tone and dull. Besides, a variety of sentence structures is one of the criteria to determine the grade of an essay.
Basically, there are 3 kinds of sentence structures:
1) Simple sentences
2) Compound sentences
3) Complex sentences
Simple sentences
Examples:
I like to eat bananas.
Water is important to humans.
Compound sentences
Examples:
I like to eat bananas because they are tasty.
Water is important to humans as their bodies contain 70% of water.
Complex sentences
Examples:
I like to eat bananas, which are sold at markets rather than malls, because they are fresher and tastier.
Water is important to humans as their bodies contain 70% of water, so they have to drink at least eight glasses of water everyday to maintain the amount of water in their bodies.
Basically, there are 3 kinds of sentence structures:
1) Simple sentences
2) Compound sentences
3) Complex sentences
Simple sentences
Examples:
I like to eat bananas.
Water is important to humans.
Compound sentences
Examples:
I like to eat bananas because they are tasty.
Water is important to humans as their bodies contain 70% of water.
Complex sentences
Examples:
I like to eat bananas, which are sold at markets rather than malls, because they are fresher and tastier.
Water is important to humans as their bodies contain 70% of water, so they have to drink at least eight glasses of water everyday to maintain the amount of water in their bodies.
Sunday, June 12, 2011
Techniques of Writing (Part 2) - Components in a Story (Narrative Writing)
A story is also composed of 3 parts:
Beginning
Climax
Ending
In SPM narrative writing, the questions are mostly stated in either:
1) Write a story that begins with…/Write a story beginning with…
OR
2) Write a story that ends with…/Write a story ending with…
Sometimes, the questions are given like “an embarrassing experience” and “a memorable camping trip”.
For every paragraph including the beginning, climax, and ending, make sure that every paragraph has only 1 focus. In other words, in one paragraph, you can only mention about one particular event.
For example:
A ray of warm sunlight hit my face and birds started to chirp happily. My heavy eyelids slowly opened. I woke up and got down from my bed vulnerably and lazily, stretching my body and giving a lazy yawn. I went towards the window and opened it. Wow, what a wonderful morning!
(Here, the focus is that morning came. Before the sentence “wow, what a wonderful morning!” all the sentences are used to emphasize that morning was here.)
Beginning
Climax
Ending
In SPM narrative writing, the questions are mostly stated in either:
1) Write a story that begins with…/Write a story beginning with…
OR
2) Write a story that ends with…/Write a story ending with…
Sometimes, the questions are given like “an embarrassing experience” and “a memorable camping trip”.
For every paragraph including the beginning, climax, and ending, make sure that every paragraph has only 1 focus. In other words, in one paragraph, you can only mention about one particular event.
For example:
A ray of warm sunlight hit my face and birds started to chirp happily. My heavy eyelids slowly opened. I woke up and got down from my bed vulnerably and lazily, stretching my body and giving a lazy yawn. I went towards the window and opened it. Wow, what a wonderful morning!
(Here, the focus is that morning came. Before the sentence “wow, what a wonderful morning!” all the sentences are used to emphasize that morning was here.)
Tuesday, May 31, 2011
Demonstration on the Main Idea Elaboration
The basic ways to elaborate on a main idea are using "wh-" questions and also giving some examples.
Here, I will demonstrate how I elaborate using the methods.
1. Smoking is hazardous to health.
Why is smoking hazardous?
> A cigarette contains numerous harmful chemical substances.
> Even the smoke given out from the burning of the tobacco in a cigarette consists of detrimental chemical elements.
What are the chemical substances in the cigarette and the detrimental elements in the smoke? / Giving some examples.
> (in the cigarette) Nicotines and tars
> (in the smoke) Benzene and carbon monoxide
How do these chemical substances affect our health?
> Nicotines can make a smoker addict to smoking; whereas tars can blacken lungs.
> Benzene is carcinogenic and carbon monoxide, if inhaled in large amount, can lead to fatality.
Now, place all the points in a paragraph, it will be written as:
Smoking is hazardous to health, because a cigarette contains numerous chemical substances, such as nicotines and tars. Nicotines can make a smoker addict to smoking; whereas tars can blacken lungs. Even the smoke given out from the burning of the tobacco cause health problems to the people around the smoker, because the smoke consists of detrimental elements like benzene and carbon monoxide. Benzene is carcinogenic and carbon monoxide, if inhaled in a large amount, can lead to fatality.
For the next two main ideas, I will elaborate each of them in the form of paragraph only.
2. Deforestation can cause global warming.
Deforestation can cause global warming. Global warming takes place due to the increase of the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, as carbon dioxide traps the heat of the sun within the surface of the earth. Forests need carbon dioxide for the process of photosynthesis. If deforestation occurs, the forests will decrease, and in turn, the concentration of carbon dioxide will increase. As a result, global warming arises.
3. Recycling is important to save our mother earth.
Recycling is important to save our mother earth. Plastic and glass products are not biodegradable even though they are buried under the soil for a long time. Landfills are no longer a practical method to dispose off the wastes as many of the wastes may pollute the land. Besides, the lands are limited. Recycling, specifically paper recycling, can also help save the natural resources like trees.
One last thing to note, elaboration does not only require the skills mentioned. It also requires some knowledges to make the elaboration convincing and matured. So, read more! =D
Here, I will demonstrate how I elaborate using the methods.
1. Smoking is hazardous to health.
Why is smoking hazardous?
> A cigarette contains numerous harmful chemical substances.
> Even the smoke given out from the burning of the tobacco in a cigarette consists of detrimental chemical elements.
What are the chemical substances in the cigarette and the detrimental elements in the smoke? / Giving some examples.
> (in the cigarette) Nicotines and tars
> (in the smoke) Benzene and carbon monoxide
How do these chemical substances affect our health?
> Nicotines can make a smoker addict to smoking; whereas tars can blacken lungs.
> Benzene is carcinogenic and carbon monoxide, if inhaled in large amount, can lead to fatality.
Now, place all the points in a paragraph, it will be written as:
Smoking is hazardous to health, because a cigarette contains numerous chemical substances, such as nicotines and tars. Nicotines can make a smoker addict to smoking; whereas tars can blacken lungs. Even the smoke given out from the burning of the tobacco cause health problems to the people around the smoker, because the smoke consists of detrimental elements like benzene and carbon monoxide. Benzene is carcinogenic and carbon monoxide, if inhaled in a large amount, can lead to fatality.
For the next two main ideas, I will elaborate each of them in the form of paragraph only.
2. Deforestation can cause global warming.
Deforestation can cause global warming. Global warming takes place due to the increase of the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, as carbon dioxide traps the heat of the sun within the surface of the earth. Forests need carbon dioxide for the process of photosynthesis. If deforestation occurs, the forests will decrease, and in turn, the concentration of carbon dioxide will increase. As a result, global warming arises.
3. Recycling is important to save our mother earth.
Recycling is important to save our mother earth. Plastic and glass products are not biodegradable even though they are buried under the soil for a long time. Landfills are no longer a practical method to dispose off the wastes as many of the wastes may pollute the land. Besides, the lands are limited. Recycling, specifically paper recycling, can also help save the natural resources like trees.
One last thing to note, elaboration does not only require the skills mentioned. It also requires some knowledges to make the elaboration convincing and matured. So, read more! =D
Friday, May 27, 2011
Exercise of Main Idea Elaboration
The previous blog discussed about the components in an essay and also how the structure of the content is supposed to be. As mentioned, for the body, each paragraph must have a main idea with its supporting ideas.
Reinforcement Exercise
Elaborate the following main ideas.
1. Smoking is hazardous to health.
2. Deforestation can cause global warming.
3. Recycling is important to save our mother earth.
Recall what you have learnt from the previous blog on the basic ways to elaborate a main point. Use "wh-" questions and give some (concrete) examples. Try to do this exercise and try ask your teacher to help you mark them for grammatical mistakes.
I will demonstrate how I elaborate those main ideas on the next blog. Try to elaborate them on your own. Enjoy trying!
Reinforcement Exercise
Elaborate the following main ideas.
1. Smoking is hazardous to health.
2. Deforestation can cause global warming.
3. Recycling is important to save our mother earth.
Recall what you have learnt from the previous blog on the basic ways to elaborate a main point. Use "wh-" questions and give some (concrete) examples. Try to do this exercise and try ask your teacher to help you mark them for grammatical mistakes.
I will demonstrate how I elaborate those main ideas on the next blog. Try to elaborate them on your own. Enjoy trying!
Saturday, May 21, 2011
Techniques of Writing (Part 1) - Components in an Essay
In English 1119 Paper 1, there are two sections, Sections A and B, whereby Section A is directed writing (35 marks) and the latter is continuous writing (50 marks). To score well in this paper, apart from being good in the language, some techniques are required. In this blog, I will share one of the techniques - components in an essay.
Basically, this skill is best used in argumentative, factual and expository writing.
An essay must contain:
(i) an introduction,
(ii) body/content, and
(iii) a conclusion
An essay must have at least 5 paragraphs:
1 for the introduction and 1 for the conclusion
At least 3 for the content
For the content, each paragraph must have 1 main idea and its elaboration/supporting details.
The basic skills to elaborate the main idea are using “wh-“questions like what, why, who, when, how, and giving some examples.
Example:
Main idea: I like to eat bananas.
1) Ask yourself, why you like eating bananas?
Answer: They are tasty and their skins are easy to be peeled off.
2) Ask yourself, how much you like bananas?
Answer: Everyday, I must eat at least three bananas, that is, one after breakfast; one after lunch; and one after dinner. (The phrases in italics are examples)
Hence, when you write in a paragraph:
I like to eat bananas. It is because they are tasty and their skins are easy to be peeled off. Everyday, I must eat at least three bananas, that is, one after breakfast; one after lunch; and one after dinner.
Basically, this skill is best used in argumentative, factual and expository writing.
An essay must contain:
(i) an introduction,
(ii) body/content, and
(iii) a conclusion
An essay must have at least 5 paragraphs:
1 for the introduction and 1 for the conclusion
At least 3 for the content
For the content, each paragraph must have 1 main idea and its elaboration/supporting details.
The basic skills to elaborate the main idea are using “wh-“questions like what, why, who, when, how, and giving some examples.
Example:
Main idea: I like to eat bananas.
1) Ask yourself, why you like eating bananas?
Answer: They are tasty and their skins are easy to be peeled off.
2) Ask yourself, how much you like bananas?
Answer: Everyday, I must eat at least three bananas, that is, one after breakfast; one after lunch; and one after dinner. (The phrases in italics are examples)
Hence, when you write in a paragraph:
I like to eat bananas. It is because they are tasty and their skins are easy to be peeled off. Everyday, I must eat at least three bananas, that is, one after breakfast; one after lunch; and one after dinner.
Tuesday, March 29, 2011
About Vincent's English World
Hi! This blog is specially made to share everything I know on English learning. I think SPM candidates, who are sitting for English 1119, may find this blog helpful.
I used to be a part-time Year Six English teacher and SPM English tutor. From the experience, I noticed that most of the students had a poor command of English. When I was teaching the Year Six kids, I found that the students had a poor grasp of English grammar and they could not even make a correct sentence on Present Tense though they claimed that they have learnt that before. As for the SPM students, surprisingly, they could not even truly understand the usages of Present Simple, which is the basic and the fundamental element to make a sentence! Yet, they had to write a 350-word essay!
Hence, this blog is made to share what I do to improve my English even though there is still room for improvement. Actually, I am an undergraduate studying Polymer Engineering, and my mother tongue is Chinese, but I am badly keen on this language as I find this language beautiful, interesting and useful.
I will try to share some grammar rules and tips on writing skills on the coming blogs. Feedbacks or comments are welcomed, because I strongly believe, "sharing is learning".
Stay tuned to the next blog. ^^
I used to be a part-time Year Six English teacher and SPM English tutor. From the experience, I noticed that most of the students had a poor command of English. When I was teaching the Year Six kids, I found that the students had a poor grasp of English grammar and they could not even make a correct sentence on Present Tense though they claimed that they have learnt that before. As for the SPM students, surprisingly, they could not even truly understand the usages of Present Simple, which is the basic and the fundamental element to make a sentence! Yet, they had to write a 350-word essay!
Hence, this blog is made to share what I do to improve my English even though there is still room for improvement. Actually, I am an undergraduate studying Polymer Engineering, and my mother tongue is Chinese, but I am badly keen on this language as I find this language beautiful, interesting and useful.
I will try to share some grammar rules and tips on writing skills on the coming blogs. Feedbacks or comments are welcomed, because I strongly believe, "sharing is learning".
Stay tuned to the next blog. ^^
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